Minoan Civilization米诺斯文明
Europe's first advanced civilization, a Bronze Age sea power on Crete of palaces and frescoes.欧洲第一个先进文明,克里特岛上以宫殿与壁画著称的青铜时代海权。
Europe's first advanced civilization, a Bronze Age sea power on Crete of palaces and frescoes.欧洲第一个先进文明,克里特岛上以宫殿与壁画著称的青铜时代海权。
The warrior kingdoms of the Homeric age, remembered in the legends of the Trojan War.荷马时代的武士王国,特洛伊战争传说的原型。
The militarized Greek city-state whose disciplined hoplites became a byword for austerity.军事化的希腊城邦,其纪律严明的重装步兵成为刻苦的代名词。
The senatorial republic that conquered the Mediterranean and shaped Western law and politics.征服地中海、塑造西方法律与政治的元老院共和国。
The city that invented democracy and gave the world philosophy, drama, and the Parthenon.发明民主的城邦,为世界带来哲学、戏剧与帕特农神庙。
Alexander the Great's empire, which spread Greek culture from Egypt to India in a single decade.亚历山大大帝的帝国,十年间将希腊文化从埃及传播到印度。
For centuries the master of the Western world, its law, language, and roads outlasting the empire itself.数百年间西方世界的主宰,其法律、语言与道路比帝国本身更长久。
The Christian Roman Empire of the East, which endured for a thousand years after Rome fell.东方的基督教罗马帝国,在西罗马覆灭后又延续千年。
Charlemagne's realm, which briefly reunited Western Europe and revived the title of emperor.查理曼的王国,短暂重新统一西欧并复兴皇帝称号。
A merchant republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for a thousand years.称霸地中海贸易千年的商人共和国。
The first East Slavic state, ancestor of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, converted to Orthodoxy in 988.第一个东斯拉夫国家,俄、乌、白之祖,988 年皈依东正教。
The kingdom of Magna Carta and Parliament, whose institutions shaped the modern state.《大宪章》与议会之邦,其制度塑造了现代国家。
A shifting patchwork of German states that endured, in Voltaire's jibe, as neither holy, Roman, nor an empire.由德意志诸邦组成、疆界流动的松散体,被伏尔泰讥为既不神圣、也非罗马、更非帝国。
The Capetian and Bourbon kingdom that became early modern Europe's foremost power.卡佩与波旁王朝的王国,成为近代早期欧洲首屈一指的强权。
The pioneer of the Age of Exploration, stringing trading posts from Brazil to Japan.大航海时代的先驱,商站自巴西绵延至日本。
The first empire 'on which the sun never set', enriched by the silver of the Americas.第一个「日不落」帝国,靠美洲白银致富。
One of early modern Europe's largest states, governed by an elected king and a fractious nobility.近代早期欧洲最大的国家之一,由选举产生的国王与桀骜的贵族共治。
A tiny republic that dominated 17th-century world trade and finance during its Golden Age.黄金时代主宰 17 世纪世界贸易与金融的蕞尔共和国。
A great power that turned the Baltic into a Swedish lake during the 17th century.17 世纪把波罗的海变为内湖的大国。
A militarized German kingdom that unified Germany under Bismarck in 1871.军事化的德意志王国,1871 年在俾斯麦领导下统一德国。
The largest empire in history, covering a quarter of the globe at its height.史上最大的帝国,鼎盛时覆盖全球四分之一土地。
A vast Eurasian empire from Poland to the Pacific, ended by the revolutions of 1917.自波兰延伸至太平洋的欧亚大帝国,1917 年革命将其终结。
The union of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, cradle of the Industrial Revolution.大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国,工业革命的摇篮。
Napoleon's empire, which dominated continental Europe and spread the ideals of the Revolution.拿破仑的帝国,称霸欧陆并传播革命理想。
Unified in 1861 from many states, heir to Rome and the Renaissance.1861 年由诸邦统一,罗马与文艺复兴的继承者。
A multinational Central European empire whose collapse redrew the map after World War I.多民族的中欧帝国,其崩溃在一战后重划了地图。
United Germany's industrial powerhouse, a central actor in the road to World War I.统一后德意志的工业强权,通往一战之路的核心角色。
The world's first communist state and a Cold War superpower spanning eleven time zones.世界第一个共产主义国家,横跨十一个时区的冷战超级大国。
Hitler's totalitarian regime, whose aggression and genocide defined World War II in Europe.希特勒的极权政权,其侵略与种族灭绝定义了欧洲的二战。
Reunified in 1990, today Europe's largest economy and a pillar of the European Union.1990 年重新统一,今为欧洲最大经济体、欧盟支柱。
The Fifth Republic, a nuclear power and founding member of the European Union.法兰西第五共和国,核大国、欧盟创始成员。
The largest country on Earth, principal successor of the Soviet Union.世界面积最大的国家,苏联的主要继承者。